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Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (27th)Introduction
Authors and publishers are pleased to present the 27th edition of Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. The Review of Physiological Chemistry was first published in 1939 and edited in 1944 and soon gained a large readership. In 1951, a third edition was published with Harold A. Harper of the University of California School of Medicine in San Francisco as the author. Dr. Harper remained the sole author until the ninth edition and co-author of eight consecutive editions. Peter Mayes and Victor Rodwell have been authors since the tenth edition, Daryl Granner since the twentieth edition and Rob Murray since the twenty-first edition. Due to the increasing complexity of biochemical knowledge, they have added co-authors to the new editions.
Fred Keeley and Margaret Rand have written each chapter with Rob Murray for this and previous editions. Peter Kennelly is the co-author of the twenty-fifth edition, and in today's edition with Victor Rodwell, all chapters discuss the structure and function of egg whites and enzymes. The following co-authors are most welcome in this issue: Kathleen Botham, co-author, and Peter Mayes, chapters on bioenergy, biological oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism. David Bender is a co-author, also with Peter Mayes, of chapters on carbohydrate metabolism, nutrition, digestion, and vitamins and minerals. P. Anthony Weil co-authored chapters on various aspects of DNA, RNA and gene expression with Daryl Granner. We are all very grateful to our fellow writers for bringing their expertise and new perspective to the text.
CHANGES TO THE 27TH EDITION
An important goal of the authors remains to provide medical and other health science students with a book that describes both basics of biochemistry as user-friendly and interesting. The second main intermediate goal is to demonstrate the most important advances in biochemistry that are essential for medicine. However, the third main goal of this issue is to achieve a significant reduction in size, as the feedback suggests that many readers prefer shorter texts.
To achieve this goal, all chapters have been strictly modified, including merging, splitting or deleting, and many have been reduced to about half two-thirds of their previous size. . This happens without losing important information, but with increasing speed and clarity.
Despite the reduction in size, there are many new features in the 27th edition. These include:
• A new chapter on amino acids and peptides highlights the way in which the properties of biological peptides are derived from the individual amino acids in which they are composed.
• A new chapter on the basic structure of egg whites, providing coverage of both classical and emerging "proteomic" and "genomic" methods of egg white identification. A new section on the use of mass spectrometry in protein structure analysis has been added, including notes on the detection of covalent modifications.
• The chapter on the mechanisms of action of enzymes has been changed to provide a comprehensive description of the various physical mechanisms by which enzymes perform their catalytic functions.
• The chapters on the combination of metabolism, nutrition, digestion and absorption and vitamins and minerals have been completely rewritten. • Important additions to individual chapters of metabolism include: updating information on oxidative phosphorylation, including a description of rotational ATP synthase; new insights into the role of GTP in gluconeogenesis; further information on the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase; new information on receptors involved in lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol reverse transport; discusses the role of leptin in fat storage; and new information on bile acid regulation, including the role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).
The chapter of the membrane edition of the previous edition was divided into two, which provide two new chapters on the structure and function of membranes and the intracellular movement and arrangement of egg whites.
Important new material has been added to RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, gene regulation, and various aspects of molecular genetics.
• Much of the material on the individual endocrine glands contained in the twenty-fifth edition has been replaced by new chapters dealing with the diversity of the endocrine system, the molecular mechanisms of action of hormones and signal transduction.
The chapter on plasma proteins, immunoglobulins and blood coagulation in the previous issue was divided into two new chapters on plasma proteins and immunoglobulins and on hemostasis and thrombosis. • New information on lipid rafts and caveolae, aquaporins, connexins, disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in intracellular membrane transport, iron absorption and conformational diseases, and pharmacogenomics is added in the relevant chapters.
• A new and concluding chapter "Human Genome Project" (HGP) is added, based on the material described in Chapters 35 to 40. Given the impact of HGP results on the future of biology and medicine, it seems appropriate to conclude. a text summarizing its main findings and their implications for future work.
• As in the previous edition, links to useful websites are included in a short appendix at the end of the text.
BOOK ORGANIZATION
The text is divided into two introductory chapters ("Biochemistry and Medicine" and "Water and pH"), followed by six chapters. Part I deals with the structures and functions of egg proteins and enzymes, working horses in the body. Because almost all reactions in cells are catalyzed by enzymes, it is important to understand the properties of enzymes before addressing other topics.
Part II explains how various cellular reactions use or release energy, and follows the ways in which carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized and degraded. It also describes the many functions of these two types of molecules.
Part III discusses amino acids and their many properties and also describes some important aspects of protein catabolism. Part IV describes the structures and functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids and covers many important topics, such as DNA replication and repair, RNA synthesis and modification, and protein synthesis. It also discusses new discoveries in how genes regulate and introduces the principles of recombinant DNA technology.
Part V discusses aspects of extracellular and intracellular communication. Topics covered include membrane structure and function, the molecular basis of hormone action, and the key signal transduction field.
Part VI includes discussions on eleven specific topics: nutrition, digestion, and absorption; vitamins and minerals; intracellular circulation and arrangement of egg whites; glycoproteins; extracellular matrix; muscles and cytoskeleton; plasma proteins and immunoglobulins; hemostasis and thrombosis; red and white blood cells; xenobiotic metabolism; and the Human Genome Project. CONCLUSIONS
The authors thank Janet Foltin for a fully professional approach. His constant interest and contribution had a great influence on the final structure of this text. We are once again very grateful to Jim Ransom for his excellent editorial work; It is a pleasure to work with an individual who always offers clever and sophisticated alternatives to the sometimes old texts transmitted by the authors. The outstanding editing skills of Janene Matragrano Oransky and Harriet Lebowitz are warmly recognized, as are the outstanding works of art by Charissa Baker and her league colleagues. The authors are very grateful to Kathy Pitcoff for her thoughtful and careful work in preparing the Index. The suggestions of students and colleagues from all over the world helped to make this issue a reality. We look forward to similar posts in the future.